🇨🇷 Costa Rica vs 🇰🇷 South Korea: Digital Nomad Visa Compared

Costa Rica offers Digital Nomad Visa (Estancia para Trabajadores Remotos, Ley N. 10.008). South Korea offers Digital Nomad (Workation) Visa - F-1-D. Every figure below comes from each country's own sourced, dated fiche - compare income, duration, tax, family rules, fees and processing time before you decide.

🇨🇷 Costa Rica🇰🇷 South Korea

Minimum income

3,000 USD / month

Corroborated across 9 independent 2026 sources (Dentons, taxesforexpats.com, mismo.team, y-axis.com, citizenremote.com, rippling.com, aeroseer.com, hqsimple.com, remotetaxcalc.com), including a search-indexed echo of migracion.go.cr's own 'Nomadas Digitales' page - the page itself was not directly fetchable this pass (network egress block), so this stays 'reported' rather than 'official'. Demonstrated via bank statements, sworn declaration, or a certified public-accountant/notary certification. RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-24: USD 3,000 solo / USD 4,000 family thresholds reconfirmed unchanged by current sources.

source · verified 2026-09-24

105,000,000 KRW / year

RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-24: KRW 105,000,000 standard tier and the relaxed 18-34 tiers reconfirmed unchanged this pass. Per the 2026-07-07 Ministry of Justice announcement (visa relaunched as permanent 2026-06-30, replacing the pilot's flat 2x-GNI rule with this tiered formula). The rule is denominated in WON, not dollars: it keys off the Bank of Korea's published prior-year per-capita GNI (KRW 52.41 million for 2025), so 2x = ~KRW 105 million and the relaxed tier = ~KRW 52.4 million. This resolves the USD 65,800-vs-73,926 split tracked here since 2026-07-29: both were conversions of the SAME KRW 105 million rule at different exchange rates (~1,596 and ~1,420 KRW/USD respectively), not competing thresholds - which is why neither could ever be sourced to a distinct official figure. Publishing the won amount removes that FX artifact; any dollar equivalent drifts with the rate (the site's own FX table, used only by the eligibility shortlister, was itself found stale during this same pass and refreshed - see lib/matcher.ts). RE-CHECKED 2026-08-03/05: Korea Herald's post-launch visa Q&A independently corroborates a third tier - ages 18-34 intending to live in Greater Seoul need 1.5x GNI (~KRW 78.6 million) - and notes holders who relocate into Greater Seoul after approval must meet the higher threshold at renewal or move back out within 6 months. Not marked 'official' - hikorea.go.kr, immigration.go.kr and mofa.go.kr all still 403 on direct fetch, so no primary Korean-government page has been read. The full official multiplier table for other intermediate age/region combinations remains unpublished anywhere found - treat the three tiers above as the load-bearing ones, not a complete table.

source · verified 2026-09-24

Visa duration

12 months, renewable

1-year initial permit, renewable once for a second year (2-year maximum total stay). Some sources report renewal requires having spent at least 180 days in Costa Rica during the first year - not independently confirmed against migracion.go.cr directly this pass. Corroborated across 7 sources (LexLatin, freakingnomads.com, mismo.team, taxesforexpats.com, citizenremote.com, Dentons, AG Legal). RE-CHECKED 2026-09-04: the 180-day mechanic is now better specified and further corroborated - no day-count requirement to hold status during year one, but renewal into year two reportedly requires having accumulated at least 180 days of physical presence in Costa Rica during year one, filed in person - corroborated by 2 additional independent sources (justworks.com, costa-rica-guide.com) beyond the original 7. Still not independently confirmed against migracion.go.cr directly (unreachable this pass). RE-CHECKED 2026-09-05: gained further independent corroboration (goldenharbors.com, expatden.com, citizenremote.com's '2026 Update' page) for the same mechanic - no change, still not an official migracion.go.cr page read. RE-CHECKED 2026-09-16: a DISCREPANCY surfaced - visitcostarica.com (Costa Rica's official tourism board, ICT), on its 'Digital Nomads Renewal' page, states renewal requires a minimum of 80 days of presence in year one, explicitly citing Article 15 of Ley N. 10.008 - the SAME article this fiche cites for the published 180-day figure. This is the first source to attribute a conflicting day-count specifically to Article 15 (versus prior conflicting figures that cited no article number), which meaningfully weakens confidence in 180 days without yet confirming 80 days either; migracion.go.cr itself remains unreachable to adjudicate directly. Published figure kept at 180 days (the better-corroborated count, 9+ sources) pending direct resolution, but flagged here as an open discrepancy rather than silently carried forward. RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-17: the discrepancy did not resolve, but a WebSearch-indexed excerpt attributed directly to migracion.go.cr's own 'Nomadas Digitales' page states renewal requires 'a minimum period of 180 days according to Article 15 of the Law' - the first time this fiche's research saw the government site's own content, not just secondary paraphrase, cited for 180 days specifically. The competing visitcostarica.com/ICT 80-day claim was not retracted. Tips the weight further toward 180 days, still pending a directly-fetched migracion.go.cr page. RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-20: the discrepancy still did not resolve. A fresh WebSearch again returned a summary attributed directly to migracion.go.cr's own page stating renewal requires 'a minimum period of 180 days ... in accordance with Article 15 of the Law,' while a separate, same-pass WebSearch of visitcostarica.com/digital-nomads/renewal again returned '80 days' for the same article - the identical two-source standoff as every pass since 2026-09-16, neither side retracted or newly corroborated. migracion.go.cr and a neutral control (en.wikipedia.org) both returned EGRESS_BLOCKED on direct WebFetch this pass, so this remains a search-snippet read, not a page fetch, on both sides. Published 180-day figure kept (deeper corroboration, 9+ sources vs. 1). RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-24: the discrepancy again did not resolve - the same two-source standoff (migracion.go.cr-attributed 180 days vs. visitcostarica.com's 80 days, both citing Article 15) reconfirmed verbatim; one aggregator (freakingnomads.com) explicitly flagged the conflict itself without adjudicating it, not a new data point. Published 180-day figure kept.

source · verified 2026-09-24

12 months, renewable

1-year initial grant, renewable annually, extended from a 2-year to a 3-year total cap per a 2026-07-07 Ministry of Justice announcement - corroborated across 5+ independent secondary sources (incl. a EY Global tax alert and an immigration law firm), not yet read on an official Korean government page directly (hikorea.go.kr/immigration.go.kr/mofa.go.kr all 403 on direct fetch). RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-24: reconfirmed unchanged.

source · verified 2026-09-24

Tax regime

Foreign-sourced income earned under the Estancia para Trabajadores Remotos is fully exempt from Costa Rican income tax (impuesto sobre la renta/utilidades); permit holders are not treated as habitual Costa Rican tax residents for this income, and it is not treated as Costa Rican-source income. Beneficiaries are also exempt from import taxes on personal computer/telecom equipment needed for their work. The visa does not permit providing services to Costa Rica-domiciled clients.

This is the best-corroborated finding of the pass: 9+ independent sources including EY's own Central America tax-alert page (cited as sourceUrl), Consortium Legal, GHP Abogados, El Financiero (Costa Rica's major financial daily), Dentons, taxesforexpats.com, ERP Lawyers, and Central Law. Strong candidate for promotion to 'official' the moment migracion.go.cr/Hacienda becomes directly fetchable.

source · verified 2026-09-23

Remote income earned for a non-Korean employer or client - the only kind the F-1-D visa permits - is not taxed by Korea for the common case (physical presence under 183 days/year). Employees who do qualify as tax resident can elect an optional 19% flat tax rate instead of Korea's progressive brackets; freelancers and sole proprietors are not eligible for that flat rate.

RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-24: reconfirmed unchanged. Multiple independent tax-focused outlets (Greenback Tax Services, Bright!Tax, krinsider, Nomad Tax Guide) converge on Korea not taxing foreign-sourced remote income while the visa's own ban on Korean employers holds. Several of the same sources flag that guidance on the >183-day resident-status threshold is still evolving/unsettled - noted here rather than presented as resolved. Not marked 'official': hikorea.go.kr/immigration.go.kr/mofa.go.kr still unreachable on direct fetch, so this is search-result-synthesized secondary reporting, not a primary Korean-government page read.

source · verified 2026-09-24

Family (spouse / children)

Spouse + children admitted (No per-dependent formula - the income floor simply rises from USD 3,000/month (solo) to USD 4,000/month (with any dependents) to cover the whole grupo familiar)

Promoted out of TBD 2026-08-23 (previously flagged as thin, 2-3 sources, on 2026-08-16). Article 11 of Ley N. 10.008 defines 'grupo familiar' as the spouse or common-law partner, children under 25 (including disabled adult children of any age), and elderly dependents. Corroborated across 6+ independent 2026 sources beyond the Y-Axis/Citizen Remote pair already on file - GHP Abogados (citing Article 11 by number), El Mundo (elmundo.cr), Revista Summa, Central Law, GLC Abogados, and a CELIG Costa Rica documentation guide - all converging on the same dependent categories and on marriage/birth-certificate documentation (apostilled/legalized as needed). One outlier source states USD 5,000 for family applications rather than USD 4,000; contradicted by the 9+ sources already corroborating USD 4,000 for the incomeMin field, so treated as a likely error, not acted on. Not marked 'official' - migracion.go.cr and the gazette text itself remain unreachable to direct fetch (blanket network-egress block this pass), so this rests on WebSearch-indexed secondary-source corroboration, not a primary-text read. RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-20: no change - income floor, fees and this Article 11 definition all reconfirmed unchanged this pass; see visaDuration for the still-open 180-vs-80-day renewal discrepancy.

source · verified 2026-09-23

Spouse + children admitted

RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-24: reconfirmed unchanged. Independent secondary coverage (Y-Axis, Bright!Tax, VisasUpdate, SharedHomies, Trenity Consultants) consistently reports that a spouse and minor children may accompany the primary F-1-D applicant as dependents, that only the primary applicant must meet the income threshold (dependents are not separately income-tested), that dependents cannot work in Korea, and that each dependent needs their own private health insurance. No source reports a distinct per-dependent income uplift for this program, so upliftPerDependent is left unset rather than guessed. Not marked 'official' - hikorea.go.kr/immigration.go.kr/mofa.go.kr still unreachable on direct fetch.

source · verified 2026-09-24

Application fees

100 USD

USD 100 government fee, paid as a deposit to Banco de Costa Rica in favor of the Ministry of Finance (net of a USD 15 bank commission if paid by international transfer). Corroborated across 9+ sources for the USD 100 figure (taxesforexpats.com, rippling.com, costaricavibes.com, y-axis.com, citizenremote.com, siliconvalleytime.com, visafreenomads.com, costaricaboard.com, diazyasociados.es) plus a search-indexed echo of migracion.go.cr itself. RESOLVED 2026-08-16: the separately-reported ~USD 90 DGME fee, previously flagged as unreconciled against this USD 100 figure, is not a competing number - three independent sources (Jaros Immigration Experts, Rippling, TaxesForExpats) consistently describe it as a SECOND, sequential fee (a document-processing/accreditation charge due at the biometrics/document-collection stage after approval, distinct from the USD 100 application fee paid upfront), bringing total first-application government fees to roughly USD 190. The same sources report the renewal fee is USD 90, not USD 100 - likely the source of the original conflation. migracion.go.cr not independently fetchable this pass (network egress block) to confirm the exact figures on its own page. RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-24: USD 100 government deposit + ~USD 90 DGME document/accreditation fee reconfirmed unchanged by current sources.

source · verified 2026-09-24

90 USD

RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-24: no comprehensive by-nationality fee table found this pass either; fee-by-nationality variance stays genuinely TBD in the note below, the USD 90 base figure itself reconfirmed unchanged. USD 90 for the initial 1-year multiple-entry visa application, plus 60,000 KRW (~USD 41) per annual extension up to the 3-year total cap. Three independent secondary sources converge on this figure (Korea Herald's post-launch visa Q&A, an EY Global tax alert, an Envoy Global news alert), replacing the previously-scattered range (~USD 45-100 depending on nationality/fee type) - a materially more specific and better-corroborated figure than before. Not marked 'official' - hikorea.go.kr/immigration.go.kr/mofa.go.kr still 403 on direct fetch, so no primary Korean-government page has been read; by-nationality fee variance may still apply and is not ruled out. RE-CHECKED 2026-08-19: no comprehensive by-nationality fee table found this pass either - the general pattern (USD 90 default; USD 45 flat reciprocity fee applying to ALL Korean visa categories for US nationals, not F-1-D-specific; CAD 121.50 via the Canada consulate's F-1-D page) is reconfirmed, not contradicted. No material change.

source · verified 2026-09-24

Health insurance

Required - Minimum USD 50,000 medical coverage for the full authorized stay, covering all included family members; travel insurance is explicitly not accepted. Policy may be Costa Rican or international.

Corroborated across 9 sources (Remitly, taxesforexpats.com, citizenremote.com, feather-insurance.com, americanvisitorinsurance.com, costaricaboard.com among others). RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-24: USD 50,000 minimum coverage requirement reconfirmed unchanged by current sources.

source · verified 2026-09-24

Required - Private health insurance covering medical treatment AND repatriation, minimum KRW 100,000,000 (~USD 75,000-76,000) coverage, for the full duration of stay.

RE-VERIFIED 2026-09-24: KRW 100,000,000 minimum coverage figure reconfirmed unchanged. Graduates out of TBD this pass: the KRW 100,000,000 figure, previously only a search-snippet-level lead, is now traceable to a consulate-level MOFA page (Consulate General of the Republic of Korea in Seattle, F-1-D program page) plus 5+ independent secondary guides (Seoulstart, HaniSeoul, krinsider, koreaplus-lifes, americanvisitorinsurance.com) converging on the same figure for medical treatment AND repatriation - several sources warn 'repatriation' must be explicitly named on the policy or the application is rejected. Not marked 'official' - hikorea.go.kr/immigration.go.kr/mofa.go.kr root pages remain 403 on direct fetch, so this rests on a consulate sub-page plus secondary corroboration, not a primary ministry page read.

source · verified 2026-09-24

Processing time

Approximately 15 calendar days for initial application review, then up to 90 days to enter Costa Rica and finalize documentation after approval

source · verified 2026-09-23

TBD

Figures marked TBD are not yet verified and are never shown as facts. Last full review: Costa Rica 2026-09-24, South Korea 2026-09-24.